Instead of the usual hierarchical view of a computer's applications and data, Sugar organises everything around what has been used recently.

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In the days before the app developer community, ecosystems were disciplined, educated and controlled by companies like Microsoft that took a hierarchical view of their network.

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Though he hated laissez- faire economics and the profit motive, and though he believed passionately in the dignity of labour, he was not a left-wing radical, instead holding a romantically traditionalist, organically hierarchical view of society.

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And unlike an open social network, where everyone is equal, NationalField runs on a hierarchical social graph: Higher-level staff get a broader view of the state and local work below them.

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