In 1209, the Pope launched the Albigensian Crusade against the heretics of southern France.
He treats Republicans who do not agree with that premise as little more than heretics.
Bank bosses must create a new financial language and may find they are treated as heretics when they do so.
In a nation of psychiatrists and psycho-babble, such suggestions are heretical, yet one of the foremost heretics is herself a psychiatrist.
Spain by the Inquisition that brought many of the heretics to Sarajevo.
And the number of scientific "heretics" is growing with each passing year.
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In September, the Vatican removed the secrecy surrounding investigations of alleged heretics.
"When I started, geologists were considered heretics for dreaming that there could be salt canopies with reservoir-quality rock beneath them, " says Issen, 54.
Apart from blaming the Jews and fearing cells of heretics, the idea of covens of witches began to be taken more seriously by the Church.
Popular: Green is the modern religion, and heretics are shunned.
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They are the heretics, the non-believers, the doubters who point out that over the past decade global temperatures have declined and that scientific facts are not determined by majority vote.
But even when these mis-observations are discounted, enough so-called lunar transients, seen by enough reputable observers, remain to make some astronomical heretics wonder if there is life in the old moon yet.
Until then, the Catholic Church branded as heretics scientific investigators who, like the 13th-century English friar Roger Bacon, calculated that the current calendar year was over-running the solar year by a whole day every 125 years.
But then in the 17th Century, supposed heretics were tried and executed here during the Spanish Inquisition -- burnings at the stake and deaths by garrotte took place on the north side of the square, hangings to the south.
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