"Our study shows that the heel-down posture increases the economy of walking but not the economy of running, " says Carrier.
The town is certainly down at heel by comparison with the nearby capital, though it has a mildly exotic flavour in other respects, including five tattoo parlours on the main street.
With their inflexibility, cushioning, and raised heels, they almost force you to crash down on your heel and send the impact of all your weight in every step straight into your knees and hips.
They have kept it in sparkling condition, and primped some slightly down-at-heel rooms with subtle redecoration.
For the time being, strong family ties help keep destitution at bay for most of the down-at-heel.
There is not much to the village now: a few boarded-up houses, a couple of shops, a down-at-heel courthouse.
Through that time, the programme set and I have had a series of make overs but somehow both of us have always managed to look rather down-at-heel.
Leave the glitzy heart of Riyadh or Jeddah, the two main cities, and you find down-at-heel suburbs where poor Saudis live side by side with poor Asian and African workers.
"Orphans, " Lyle Kessler's 1983 play about a shady businessman who takes two down-at-heel brothers under his wing, has finally made it to Broadway after being mounted by just about every regional theater in America.
Veteran England midfielder Beckham hobbled off the pitch in tears, reaching down to nurse his left heel, with TV network Sky Sports Italia reporting that he had suffered a suspected ruptured Achilles tendon injury.
Their alpine touring bindings allow the heel to raise on the climb and lock down for the descent.
If you are deeply opposed to the concept of being cut down to your regular size, you can wear a small block or kitten heel.
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