Once the sun and planets took shape, heat became readily available in the form of solar radiation, asteroid impacts, and gravitational pressure.

ECONOMIST: Minerals

Each component of the energy balance net radiation, turbulent heat fluxes, heat transfer into the ice and heat supplied by precipitation is derived separately from the measurements, and the variability throughout the year is evaluated.

UNESCO: Dublin Core

Such so-called Dyson spheres would, if they exist, reradiate captured energy (after some of it had been put to good use) as heat infra-red radiation.

ECONOMIST: Is it time for a new approach to finding extraterrestrials?

The silos might withstand blast, heat and radiation effects from a nuclear attack, but what about the command links enabling transmission of launch codes?

FORBES: Nuclear Weapons: How Few Is Too Few?

While ice reflects around 80 percent of the sun's heat, having a cooling effect, blue sea water can absorb up to 95 percent of solar radiation, warming up the sea and accelerating the melting process further.

CNN: Arctic melt worse than predictions

Astronauts will test the ability of the bladder, known as the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module, or BEAM, to withstand heat, radiation, debris and other assaults.

NPR: Space Station To Get $18 Million Balloon-Like Room