Ingestion of the short-lived isotope iodine-131, with its well-known risk of thyroid cancer when absorbed in the thyroid glands of children and young people, was the only major radiation-related health effect of the Chernobyl accident on the public.
FORBES: Like We've Been Saying -- Radiation Is Not A Big Deal
Forcing health plans to compete against each other is the best way to achieve high-quality coverage at the lowest cost, and implementing these reforms in Medicare can have the effect of lowering health-care costs for everyone.
Though psychological trauma, which can eventually lead to post-traumatic stress disorder, became a widely recognized problem after the Vietnam War, the promotion of mental-health counseling for Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans has accelerated a trickle-down effect to civilians and first responders.
WSJ: First Responders Seek Out Counseling as Attitudes Shift
While ObamaCare won't take full effect until 2014, health-insurance premiums in the individual market are already rising, and not just because of routine increases in medical costs.
WSJ: Matthews and Litow: ObamaCare's Health-Insurance Sticker Shock
What we, and independent health-care experts at Mercer Consulting, have found is that individually owned and directed health-care coverage has a startlingly positive effect on costs for both employees and the state.
The health care initiative encountered a major hurdle last week when the Congressional Budget Office reported that the House bills would not bring down health care costs over the next 10 years, despite White House contentions that lower health costs would be a long-term effect.
That is, there would be a positive feedback effect from health reforms and efficiencies - above all at the demand level by addressing ill health - and a negative one from failing to do so. (If anybody can calculate what 12.5% would be in today's money, then we know the difference between the Wanless "worst case" and what Mr Lansley warns about today).
So I think it has had a very positive effect for moving and providing some health -- momentum for health care reform.
But remember the really bitter medicine has yet to take effect - the long term squeeze in health service finances.
The study, which looked at nearly 600 sets of Swedish twins, some identical, some fraternal, who were either raised together or separated early and reared apart, found that being raised in the same environment had little effect on stress and stress-related health problems.
That last point illustrates the ripple effect--in this case the public health impact--of such government actions.
But it would have a similar effect to the failure of Bill Clinton's health-care reform early in his presidency.
ECONOMIST: Almost a year on, the wheels seem to be falling off
And as a side-effect, it should ease the task of paying the health bills of all those older people.
Clearly, the direct effect of the health reform law is it will increase health-related costs of adding more employees.
Analysts say the new rule will have little immediate effect because even issuers in less-than-stellar financial health fall below that threshold.
But once this reform is in full effect, middle-class families will pay less for their health care, and the worst practices of the insurance industry will end.
They will now be able to track the effect of atmospheric dust, which has a little-understood but potentially far-reaching effect on everything from Florida's weather to the health of its coral reefs.
"There is a lot of work on the beneficial effects of visiting natural environments, but our findings suggest it is time to move beyond a simple urban versus rural debate and start looking at the effect that different natural environments have on people's health and well-being, " said Dr White.
BBC: People really do like to be beside the seaside, study says
Once this reform is fully in effect, middle-class families are going to pay less for their health care.
WHITEHOUSE: Tele-Town Hall: The Affordable Care Act & Seniors
Tompkins says amenities that improve employee health, such as ergonomic goodies and on-site personal trainers, can have a dramatic effect.
The net effect is that in 2012 approximately half of physicians already were employed by large health-care entities.
Since the mid-1990s, when tough state parity laws started taking effect, enrolment in managed mental health plans has doubled to 140 million.
Still, a press release from the National Institutes of Health said that life-threatening or fatal bleeding, mainly from the lungs, was the most common side effect, and was more common in patients receiving Avastin than just chemotherapy.
This incorporates a safety factor of 1, 000 on the lowest observed adverse effect level of antinomy in animals--in other words, the first statistically significant health problem in animals came from inhaling antimony at a level of 9000 micrograms per meter cubed.
To the consultant, there can also be a significant individual effect: a dramatic change in their lifestyle, work relations, work-life balance, health and personal relations.
FORBES: Can Consultants Save Us Money By Doing More Work Remotely?
Whether or not it lives long enough to take full effect, Obamacare will be seen as the logical extreme of a long detour from common-sense health care policy.
But the complicating factor in all this is the Health Minister's statement to the effect that in the last resort, families would wield some sort of veto - but based on what?
The reality is that there is a one-time bump in spending that comes in 2014, the year most of the health care reform law goes into effect and the 32.5 million begin to get the coverage.
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