Having an extra pair of eyes monitoring play in each area had a preventive effect and promoted better decision making on suspected fouls.

BBC: Uefa trials new refereeing system

Still, many of the policies have had long-lasting effect, for better or for worse.

FORBES: The Efficacy Of Presidential Energy Policy

In theory, this gives the advertiser a better feel for the effect that ad had on those other 999 viewers who did not click on it.

FORBES: Magazine Article

The rate reductions have had little restorative effect--only the assurance of better credit, not looser credit, will cure what ails the banks--but they did help unhinge the dollar.

FORBES: Magazine Article

The Better Living Information Centre found that a third of the products that it tested had no discernible effect on them.

ECONOMIST: The Japanese are a super-clean lot. Obsessively so?

In the American survey just over half of those who cried believed it didn't have an effect on their client and close to a half thought it had changed their relationship for the better.

BBC: Is it ever right for a therapist to cry?

Now, this is actually better than expected, considering the severe storms all along the East Coast are estimated to have had a depressing effect on the numbers.

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"What's happened to me has had a very positive effect on people around me because they think if it could happen to me then I better get it checked out, " he said.

BBC: Terry Conroy