"The extra layer of growth tells the story of their voyage to the bottom of the seabed, " he added.

CNN: March 11, 2013 -- Updated 1910 GMT (0310 HKT)

Piers, jetties and seawalls with a protective layer of marine growth absorb wave action better.

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When you layer in population growth in U.S. cities (projected to hit 400 million people in the next 40 years), those numbers become larger every year, and the hard reality is that we are running out of water.

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As the vines have to struggle and stress as they extend the roots through the thin layer of terra rossa and the limestone to the water table, growth of the vine is limited to producing low yielding, intensely flavoured grapes, ideal for making premium wine.

ECONOMIST: Letters

As these high growth early stage companies start to list on the public markets and become mature businesses, a new layer of the startup ecosystem around which other startups can be nurtured and launched will be created.

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In ablative (wounding) laser resurfacing, a laser beam destroys the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and heats the underlying skin (dermis), which stimulates the growth of new collagen fibers.

CNN: Wrinkles