Antonio Criminsi of the Machine Learning and Perception group - the team which in effect invented the visual recognition system of Kinect - demonstrated how Kinect's underlying technology can be adapted for medical diagnosis.

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Insurance: The recent government bailout of insurance giant American International Group quickly changed the perception that the credit crisis was limited solely to the financial sector.

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The anti-corruption group Transparency International puts out an annual Corruption Perception Index.

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As a group, companies that are perceived as low innovators, or who are in a period where perception of their innovation capability is low, are actually very good stock market performers.

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For those who wait nearly a year to leave an ill-fitting management post, "there's a perception that the company fired you, " warns Jane Howze, a managing director of recruiters Alexander Group.

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"Apple is brilliant on interface and usability, but in Europe, phones are so heavily subsidized, there's a perception that they're worth nothing, " says Boris Nemsic, chief executive of Telekom Austria Group, a European telecom company with 11 million mobile customers.

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