An identical group of genes has since been found to determine that development in men.
For example, scientists believe they have found a group of genes which play a key role in the development of some bowel, uterine and ovarian cancers.
Meanwhile, Todd Golub at MIT and Harvard's Broad Institute has found a group of five genes involved in prostate cancer progression.
What was actually looked at was the difference in the way that genes will and can spread from one ethno-linguistic or cultural group to another and the way that genes or DNA can spread across such boundaries.
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Chen and her group hoped to induce the cancer by activating oncogenes, genes that trigger cancer, in a group of liver cells called hepatocytes.
Arabidopsis also shares genes with a group of more rudimentary life forms, the cyanobacteria.
The red midrib and red fleck traits were found to be controlled by two closely linked dominant genes on linkage group (LG) B1.
Though beaten to a patent maize plant by Dr Kindiger and his colleagues, they believe they may already have identified one of the genes the Oklahoma group is seeking, and that they are hot on the trail of the others.
We get half our genes from mom and half from dad, but both Celera and the government-funded group only mapped one half, figuring the basic genetic layout was the same for the genes we get from each parent.
This is a view called "group selection, " because it argues that our genes came down to us today not just because some individuals were more fit than their neighbors, but because some groups were more fit (more cohesive and cooperative) than their neighboring groups.
And if it has not, the knowledge that both this group and one in Mexico are close to finding the genes which give the new form of maize its singular advantage should certainly do so.
Methylation, the addition to a base of a group of three hydrogens and a carbon atom, is one way in which genes are regulated.
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The first time the group of researchers met, he piped up with research showing that mutations in genes related to JAK2 could also cause the disease.
The result is that biologists can study the expression of many different genes at the same time, a technique spectacularly illustrated last year by a group of researchers at Harvard who produced what they called brainbows.
Genes change slowly, over many generations, while the diversity of phonemes amid a population group can change rapidly as language evolves.
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