The minister said the exact reason for the collapse had not yet been pinpointed but, in the summer, "states try to take more power from the grid" and at the time of the collapse, the grid frequency was "above normal".

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Grid Friendly Appliance Controller: Developed at the Pacific Northwest energy Laboratory, the Grid Friendly Appliance controller senses grid conditions by monitoring the frequency of the system and provides automatic demand response in times of disruption.

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Phasor measurements track the amount of stress placed on the electric power grid by providing granular data about frequency, voltage and phase angle conditions in real-time.

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Backup generators are filthy, wasteful and prone to performance problems depending on the frequency and duration of electric grid outages.

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To be able to offer frequency regulation service to the grid, cars need a bidirectional power system, so energy can flow both from the grid and to the grid, and software to allow the car to communicate with the grid.

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In addition, by monitoring the frequency or voltage of the power grid, the platform provides automatic demand response when grid conditions call for it.

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To keep power flowing reliably, grid operators must smooth out supply and demand on a second-to-second basis (known as frequency regulation), an hourly basis (intermittency), and on a daily, weekly, and annual basis (meeting peak demand).

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