The 25-year-old finished runner-up to Glock in the 2007 GP2 Series, F1's feeder competition.
The 27-year-old, who has been racing in GP2, will team up with Charles Pic of France.
The 21-year-old GP2 champion was third fastest behind Renault's Nelson Piquet Jr and Heikki Kovalainen on Thursday.
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The team's reserve drivers will be GP2 drivers Alvaro Parente of Portugal and Luiz Razia of Brazil.
D'Ambrosio has spent four seasons in the GP2 feeder series and is a reserve and test driver at Renault.
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The Ulsterman has also won in GP2, British Formula 3, British Formula Ford and was a test driver for BAR-Honda.
"I know the fans at home will be really excited to see me race in GP2, " Ma told Caterham's official team website.
More substantially, racetracks have been built in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, with new racing series (the Lumina, A1, Speedcar and GP2) added.
Firstly, in one of the GP2 races, title contender Bruno Senna was given a drive-through for an incident remarkable in its similarity to Massa's in Valencia.
The 23-year-old, who finished as runner-up in last season's GP2 series, will partner fellow rookie Max Chilton when the campaign starts in Australia on March 17.
The Englishman has won on the streets of the Principality in both Formula Three and GP2, but in an F1 car the track is one of motor racing's greatest challenges.
But he forecast a strong season ahead for himself and the team, and the former GP2 champion reserved a special welcome for the return of slick tyres to the sport.
Briatore gave Piquet his chance in F1 after a successful career racing in GP2, but the Brazilian has described his two years at Renault as the worst of his career.
After a dominant year in GP2, the feeder series for F1, in 2006, which showcased the full range of Hamilton's driving skills, McLaren took up their option on him for 2007.
U.S. driver Alexander Rossi will remain the second team reserve, but will take over Ma's seat in the GP2 championship -- which is the official feeder F1 series for the next generation of drivers.
Chilton finished fourth in the GP2 series, which acts as a feeder competition for F1, and showed promise in his two performances in the Marussia car, in a young driver test and in free practice at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
The restructuring of Caterham's line-up means Ma Qing Huang -- who made history when he became the first Chinese racer to drive in front of his home crowd during practice at the last race in Shanghai -- loses his role as the team's reserve as well as his place in Caterham's GP2 team.
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