The study is observational -- meaning the researchers followed people over time -- rather than interventional (say, having some people watch TV and others read a book), which is the gold standard for research proving cause and effect.
"The smart money is on buying gold" rather than selling, said Mark O'Byrne, research director at gold dealer GoldCore in Dublin.
But this horde of documents is going to prove a gold mine for academic research.
Twenty-one of the studies included in the review were randomized controlled trials, which are considered the gold standard for scientific research.
As public relations professionals and media consumers, these confessions and our fascination with them are a gold mine for future research.
This is the gold standard for medical research, because it means that whether or not they got the multivitamin was the only difference between the drug and placebo groups.
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Although gold imports from Hong Kong were cut in half in December, HSBC Global Research reports that overall gold imports from Hong Kong were 10 times the historical average from January through November 2011.
Because inflation expectations DO drive the gold price, as the research papers which Krugman himself points to make clear.
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In an overnight research note before gold hit its session highs, UBS suggested gold may not have hit its low yet since physical demand had not picked up significantly during the recent pullback.
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"Although some of the growth is in states with large Latino populations, like California and Florida, some of the growth is also occurring in places that people don't see as having large Latino populations, " said Rosalind Gold, director of policy research at the National Association of Latino Elected Officials.
Research by the World Gold Council released Thursday shows that gold can work as a partial hedge for emerging market currency risk.
FORBES: INTERVIEW: WGC: Gold Overlay Works As Currency Hedge In EM Currencies
The firm is a spin-off of the old Polyconomics indie research firm run by gold bug and famous supply side economist Jude Wanniski.
The Casey Research analyst favors buying gold as part of a regular accumulation program, somewhat similar to the cost-averaging approach many take in the stock market.
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Part of it was to show how the metal acts in a different setting, and specifically as a borrowed asset, said Juan Carlos Artigas, global head of investment research at the World Gold Council, in an interview with Kitco News.
FORBES: INTERVIEW: WGC: Gold Overlay Works As Currency Hedge In EM Currencies
Jeffrey Christian of CPM Group, a New York commodities research firm, is a gold bull.
Research by Nomura shows that gold has the capacity to act both as a risky and a safe-haven asset.
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Nevertheless, Jeffrey Wright, managing director and senior research analyst, looks for gold to get a boost later in the year as U.S. credit issues resurface.
Obesity treatment "is high priority" among drug research, said Dr. Mark Gold, chair of psychiatry at University of Florida who focuses on addiction and eating habits.
U.K. bullion dealer Sharps Pixley, in a research note, pointed out that gold and equities also diverged the last time there was a major fiscal stand-off in Washington.
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Deutsche Bank said in a research note Friday that the disconnect between gold and silver regarding risk reversal is at levels not see in five years.
Bart Melek, vice president and head of commodities research with TD Securities, also looks for gold to trade sideways for a little.
Gas prices have risen about twice as much as crude oil prices, says Ronald Gold, who works with Lichtblau at the Petroleum Industry Research Foundation.
Neil Meader, research director at Thomson Reuters GFMS, said gold can benefit from intervention because investors may decide to leave a market that is being managed, rather than one which is allowed to trade according to market forces.
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Sterling Smith, commodity trading adviser and vice president, commodity research, Citibank Institutional Client Group, is bearish gold.
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On average, emerging-market central banks hold less than 4% of their foreign-exchange reserves in gold, which is slightly under the 4.6% to 7% mid-range optimal level suggested by previous research done by academics, institutions and the World Gold Council for diversification of reserves.
The secular bull market for gold is over, said Paul Hoffmeister, senior economist with Bretton Woods Research.
In the past several years, gold has been seen as an alternative currency by some investors and this research underlines that view.
FORBES: INTERVIEW: WGC: Gold Overlay Works As Currency Hedge In EM Currencies
In a May research report, Stifel's Mr. Topping urged big gold miners to drop their most expensive, and least attractive, projects and to return the money to stockholders through higher dividends.
"The market saw gold going lower, and everyone panicked, " said Pradeep Unni, head of research at Richcomm Global Services, a Dubai-based commodity broker.
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