To create the list, GMI examines more than 8, 000 companies traded on U.S. exchanges.
But over some years, GMI has decided that certain corporate behaviors taken together add measurably to risk.
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According to GMI research, women hold just 9.1% of the board seats at major U.K. listed companies.
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According to GMI research, only 4.8% of UK companies have three or more women represented on their boards.
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While GMI has found that companies that separate those jobs have generally higher returns, having one person in both roles is common.
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Once the pool is culled to a few hundred companies, Ethisphere cross-checks it against governance lists from organizations including GMI Ratings and FTSE4Good.
More broadly, GMI research finds that the largest 73 publicly listed companies in Massachusetts have an average level of female participation of only 11%.
Overall, according to data from GMI, 38% of the 73 largest publicly listed companies in Massachusetts have not appointed any women to their boards.
Harry of GMI and Dr. George Bush of Northwood University who witnessed and copied those images in person at the Marquette Branch Prison in Michigan.
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Furthermore, GMI found that a number of prominent companies including Nintendo, Under Armour, and Urban Outfitters have not appointed any women to their boards.
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Global governance research firm GMI has been collecting data on clawback policies at all companies since 2006 when firms began to adopt these policies voluntarily.
According to data from GMI, the New York City corporate governance research firm, only 3% of the largest publicly traded Japanese companies have majority independent boards.
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But GMI's data were put to the test in an October 2009 study that measured the correlation of GMI's rankings to stock performance from mid-2003 to mid-2008.
Again we have begun to see a greater recognition for this at corporate boards and with initiatives like those of Calpers and GMI in their Diverse Director Datasource.
During the past four rated Quarters, the GMI Ratings Accounting Risk Score for the company has fallen precipitously from 60, on a scale of 100, to 5.
By contrast, according to research from GMI, the corporate governance research firm, 92% of all major U.S. companies have adopted a simpler system of one class of common shares.
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According data from GMI, the corporate governance research firm, more than 80% of major U.S. real estate companies have appointed Audit Committee members with significant real estate sector experience.
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To identify the most transparent and trustworthy businesses that trade on American exchanges, Forbes turned to GMI Ratings (GMI), a pioneer in the application of non-traditional risk measures for financial analysis.
Research firm GMI Ratings is in the business of worrying about things most of us consider inconsequential, and then GMI totes up all its little worries it must be stressful work and assigns risk rankings to companies.
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Today only a handful of big firms have the sort of board that seems hand-picked to be loyal to the boss, chief among them being News Corporation, says Paul Hodgson of GMI, a corporate-governance ratings firm.
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While the moves are legal and disclosed in regulatory filings, "there are certainly some fairly serious red flags in terms of behavior that are raised there, " said Paul Hodgson, chief research analyst for GMI Ratings, a corporate-governance and risk-management research firm.
GMI, based in New York and recently merged with the Corporate Library, a governance research firm, rates the practices of more than 4, 100 companies by examining pertinent public data, including regulatory filings, company websites and news services, to see how well they follow securities regulations, stock exchange listing requirements and various corporate governance codes and principles.
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