Given Japan's near-record unemployment and fragile recovery, they will have trouble finding new jobs and clients.
Given Japan's recent history of bubble and slump, the way this framework is used may be worth watching.
The yen may weaken of its own accord, given Japan's increased need for imports and diminished ability to export.
Given Japan's importance in the world, this is not simply a domestic issue.
Indeed, it will have countless unpalatable budgetary decisions to make, not least making the social security system affordable given Japan's rapidly aging population.
Given Japan's weakened economy, credit cannot be tightened, but with the discount rate already at a record low 0.5%, there is little scope to loosen either.
Given Japan's fascination with gadgets, perhaps it's no surprise that the country is turning to technology for help with one of its most vexing problems: an aging population.
The DPJ has promised to reduce the power of Japan's entrenched bureaucracy and restore more policymaking power to elected politicians, a task that Smith says won't be easy, given Japan's parliamentary system.
Citigroup, and the domestic banks, will also be able to raise funds at practically zero cost indeed, their consumer-finance ventures will give them a lucrative place to park their yen deposits (given Japan's dismal investment environment, they have few attractive alternatives).
That is unfortunate, to say the least, given that Japan's economy is currently the weakest of them all.
However, given that Japan is a developed economy, one would expect revenue per square foot for Japanese stores to be above that of the average international store.
One year after that, Okinawa was given back to Japan on condition that the U.S. retain its military bases there.
Given the gravity of Japan's difficulties, the flurry of activity by the country's politicians doesn't amount to much.
There is a low level of venture capital funding in Japan, given that there are relatively few opportunities to chase.
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Given the uncertainty in Japan, U.S. trading indicated a flight out of risk assets and into more defensive investments like government bonds, and safe-haven currencies.
Japanese renewables firms' foreign rivals know it would be hard to object to such subsidies without seeming callous, given the scale of Japan's post-quake crisis.
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Given the earthquake in Japan and the prospect of higher interest rates in the U.S. and Europe, we expect to see profit margins for this division to come under pressure.
Given the power of Japan's entrenched construction industry, and the difficulty of pressing even the mildest of conventional reforms, such a shift of resources would be nearly impossible to pull off in practice.
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And, given the perilous state of Japan's public finances, the next government will have precious little room for maneuver to boost public investment.
Asia ex-Japan is mostly given a pass in the swirling global concerns about sovereign debt, but the region has its worrisome deficit cases, such as India.
Betsy Daniels, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, argues that the clean-up job should be given to the Bank of Japan, which, unlike the finance ministry, still has some degree of credibility.
So, at a point today when the relatively strong yen has given new impetus for Japanese purchases abroad, there is reason for caution given the tendency of corporate Japan to buy high in recent decades.
The GB men were given an early scare by Japan, who saw Reo Fujimoto top score with 30 points, but once they took the lead through Pollock late in the first half, they were in control.
Evidently, corporate Japan can change, given plenty of time, creativity - and a bit of desperation.
The new stadium will be given an advance run-out when Japan hosts the 2019 Rugby World Cup.
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The reaction in Asia was likely to be muted given that markets in Hong Kong, Japan and South Korea were closed for holidays.
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Yesterday, April 3, Chief Cabinet Secretary Suga Yoshihide made a high profile visit during which he trumpeted a commitment from the U.S. given only last month to return to Japan five bases located south of Kadena by about 2020.
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Japan is a particular favorite, given that its economy seems to be coming back from 16 years of economic malaise and deflation.
If there is one area of the financial world that has been given inadequate attention in recent years, it is Japan.
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