The first geostationary communications satellite went up in 1960, changing global capital markets instantly.
Big geostationary satellites, orbiting 26, 000 miles above the sky, are a lousy two-way synchronous Internet medium.
But unlike Iridium's 66 low-orbit birds, Astrolink will cover the earth with only four high-orbit geostationary fliers.
The first satellite was placed into geostationary orbit in 1964, just 19 years after Sir Arthur's paper.
The new satellite air interface technology developed by Qualcomm is a 3G-based standard referred to as Enhanced Geostationary Air Link (EGAL).
In 2029, it will approach the Earth within a distance closer than a geostationary satellite - and near enough to be seen with the naked eye.
Building a geostationary satellite that can monitor such emissions for many years is very challenging, and the existing constellation therefore was designed to do just that.
But if it comes to pass at all, it will be an intriguing example, like the geostationary communications satellites dreamed up by Asimov's contemporary, Arthur C.
This network is a set of geostationary communications satellites (ie, spacecraft that have an orbital period of 24 hours, and so hover over the same place).
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This development launcher will take 12 tonnes towards geostationary orbit.
But customers of Gilat Satellite Networks of Israel are already buying fixed phones tied to geostationary satellites (which hover 38, 000 kilometers above the earth, versus 1, 350 kilometers for Globalstar).
It delivers high-resolution information on the state of the atmosphere that supplements the broader imagery coming from the geostationary Meteosats and the point measurements we get from balloons (radiosondes), and the like.
They own three geostationary broadcast and communications satellites.
For each sensor at the station site, 1-minute data samples shall be transmitted in CREX format via the public geostationary meteorological satellites (METEOSAT or GOES) every 5 minutes and every five minutes via the redundant transmission option.
These include the international seismic monitoring network, the international array of sea level measuring stations (the Global Sea Level Observing System, the Global Telecommunication System of the World Meteorological Organization and associated public geostationary satellites) and the internet.
Without being prescriptive it is expected that a typical station configuration will consist of a primary tide gauge, two under water pressure sensor (secondary tide gauge), data logger, DCP geostationary satellite transmitter, modem, battery backup, solar panel, cables, mountings.
With all three vehicles, Arianespace, the company that runs Kourou, will now be able to offer satellite operators a ride for any type of spacecraft to all kinds of orbit - from the low, pole-crossing orbits used by Earth observation missions, to the high, geostationary locations favoured by big telecommunications platforms.
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