The sequencing of the human genome, the application of powerful genetic tools to identify human disease genes, and the development of powerful imaging and diagnostic tools now make it possible to tackle the causes of diseases more systematically and broadly than ever before.
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Older fathers and therefore genetic mutations have been linked with neurological conditions because the brain depends on more genes for its development and regulation.
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In them, most of the genes for early development have been turned off and are difficult to reinvigorate.
Researchers found that genes relating to sensory perception, hearing and brain development showed "accelerated evolution" in all three, but particularly in humans and gorillas.
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That "something" could be hormone levels in utero, epigenetic factors that turn autism susceptibility genes "on" and "off" during development, or the fact that young girls have in general better social skills than boys and so need a bigger "dose" of what causes ASD to cross that threshold to being impaired.
"Just about all animals use the same toolkit of genes to build their bodies and to control similar processes during development, " the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, researcher explained.
The twin unit was set up in 1992 to look at the role that genes play in the development of rheumatic diseases in older women and has now expanded to lok at most common diseases, behaviours and traits.
He and others like him hope that the cancer-genome consortium will throw up dozens of similar genes, and that they, too, will prove tractable targets for drug development.
For example, scientists believe they have found a group of genes which play a key role in the development of some bowel, uterine and ovarian cancers.
And that is a good thing, because the development of life-saving medicine depends on genes being accessible to as many companies as possible.
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