In September 2008, a high-pressure natural gas pipeline operated by BP ruptured, sending two segments of pipe flying 900 feet across the tundra.
The fact that the target of the attack was a gas plant operated in part by foreign companies may have made Algeria particularly keen to tackle the problem on its own terms.
The line is owned by NiSource Gas Transmission and is operated by its subsidiary Columbia Gas Transmission.
Greenhouse gas would be transported to the Shell-operated Goldeneye gas field in the North Sea using, as far as possible, existing pipeline infrastructure.
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The mains gas was being operated within normal pressure parameters and there were no signs to suggest the 20th Century pipe needed replacing urgently, although there were national plans to replace pipe networks whenever they came within 30m of a domestic building.
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The In Amenas gas field and its facilities are operated by a joint venture of the Algerian national oil company Sonatrach, BP and Statoil.
Natural gas distribution means the distribution pipelines and metering and regulating equipment that are operated by a Local Distribution Company (LDC) to provide natural gas to residential, commercial, and industrial customers.
Wainoco, as it was then called, operated a handful of oil and natural gas fields in the U.S., Canada, Colombia and Indonesia.
The VML operated its own collection system and burner to mitigate the methane gas problem.
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It was operated by the local company, Sky Cruise, which said a gas cylinder had exploded on board when it was about 300m in the air.
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They had been protesting at a site in Hesketh Bank operated by energy firm Cuadrilla which was given a licence in 2008 to extract gas by pumping water, sand and chemicals into shale rock at pressure.
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The fields have been operated for roughly 12 years by Pluspetrol, the country's biggest oil and natural gas producer, and it will be obliged to clean up the contamination, said Environment Minister Manuel Pulgar-Vidal.
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