Daniel Langleben, of the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, uses a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging to probe his subjects' honesty.

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Using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the researchers were able to record the brain's activity in response to internal and external stimuli such as eating and drinking.

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One technique that Jackson and colleagues use to harness brain signals is called functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

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