This is the ability to change the function of a chip while it is working.

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Then, in 1969, when Intel was developing a 64-bit memory chip for Honeywell, Moore realized the key to getting the chip to function properly was to "dope" the chips with small amounts of impurities.

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Cell phones function much like debit cards in that they use a data chip (in this case, a SIM card) to store balances and enable withdrawals.

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With new chip-based software, Nortel enables a cheaper semiconductor device to perform the function of a small Internet router, supplanting costly hardware of the sort Cisco sells.

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This fingerprint (aka Physically Unclonable Function, or PUF) is a byproduct of tiny errors in the fabrication process -- something chip makers usually try to minimize.

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