When it builds a power plant, for example, it sells some of the expected output in the forward market and buys the gas to fuel that output.
An even bigger threat looms in China and India, which are pushing to receive credits for carbon capture, which strips CO2 from the output of fossil fuel electric plants and traps it underground.
In all cases, there is no commercial scale output from them, be it hydrogen or fuel from algae.
The Tennessee Valley Authority (nyse: TVC - news - people ), a big Chattanooga employer, is taking the output from the 5-kilowatt solid oxide fuel cell that the center is experimenting with.
Ford has made EcoBoost engines fundamental to its strategy of providing technologically advanced, high-output, smaller-displacement powertrains that deliver exceptional fuel economy and performance.
While companies faced growing pressure from rising costs of input materials, including fuel, food and labour, that was not matched by rising output prices.
Researchers expect a successful product will reduce fuel needs by 40 percent for expeditionary power systems, with a continual output of 3 kilowatts.
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The power output is small, orders of magnitude lower than from hydrogen or methanol fuel cells, but the supply and handling of these flammable fuels is avoided.
Ethanol output has more than doubled since 2002, thanks to the development of flex-fuel engines for cars, capable of running on either petrol or ethanol indistinguishably.
They have a fuel efficiency of 45% for AC, but up to 54% if DC is the needed output.
Maximum fuel economy is achieved in ECO mode, with the stop-start on and engine response and output dialed way back.
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