They also invited speculation from currency traders placing self-fulfilling bets that the peg would not hold.
Slovenia and Slovakia were shielded from currency speculators by being in the euro area.
Vemuri notes that earnings would have been 69-70 cents a share in the quarter without a boost from currency.
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One reason is that financial institutions here--and hedge funds--make billions from currency fluctuations.
The extraordinary downdraft in the dollar suggests big multinationals must benefit from currency translation of offshore earnings, at least through yearend.
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Revenue received a 2 percentage point boost from currency, the company said.
In terms of reality in the marketplace today, currency is being perpetuated from currency without investment in labor and materials to produce added value.
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Comparable store sales for Tiffany increased 9% worldwide during the fourth quarter compared to the same period last year, including effects from currency exchange rates.
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" The recent consensus by finance ministers from the Group of 20 industrial and developing nations to refrain from currency manipulation, she said, was an "important signal.
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What Asia does to cope with the giant waves of world capital, from currency controls to curbs on hedge funds, could influence the rest of the capitalist world.
These developing countries often intervene in currency markets to prevent currency appreciation and its negative effects on their balance of trade resulting from currency depreciation and manipulation in other countries.
For instance, in emerging markets such as South Korea he has been buying short-dated bonds paying 2.5 to 3 per cent, with the prospect of gains from currency movements over time.
The company noted that 6 of the 9 percentage points in revenue growth stemmed from organic growth and 4 were derived from currency gains, while a full percentage point was lost due to divestitures.
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ADRs aren't immune from currency swings, but they facilitate the trading of foreign equity in the U.S. Such shares spare American investors the expense of trading on foreign exchanges or the hassle of converting currencies.
Companies that derive all or most of their revenues from the U.S. should have balance sheets that are immune from currency fluctuations (a good thing for now given the global outlook) and have better clarity about future earnings.
Rising volume along with higher prices for flight tickets and hotel rooms helped the company in the second quarter, along with a favorable impact from currency translation. (Read Boeing Looks Good: Sales Taking Off, Outlook Raised, Dreamliner On Deck).
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And while you may have been steeped in military doctrine -- and you have been -- you were also made to master the vagaries of local Iraqi politics -- issues ranging from electricity to unemployment, from currency exchange to tax collection.
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Under such a regime no local currency would be issued unless it had 100% backing from hard currency reserves, such as the dollar or the euro.
It is unquestioningly accepted at home and widely used beyond the euro area's borders. (Several countries, including Montenegro and Kosovo, use the euro as their currency without formally belonging to the euro zone.) The switch from old currency to new went remarkably smoothly, though consumers in many countries complained, perhaps predictably, that they were charged higher prices as merchants rounded up to new price-points in euros.
In fact, it is wrong to separate all these issues from the currency-board debate.
Particular industries may gain from a currency change, but the economy as a whole is hurt.
Its forecast includes a loss of 18 cents per share from unfavorable currency exchange rates.
In this scenario, fixed income assets tend to suffer while inflation-hedging assets benefit from the currency devaluation.
Not only is inflation a monetary concept once again resulting from declining currency values, but countries are not islands.
Europe will remain in recession for most of the year, ultimately forcing a Greek exit from the currency zone.
But they suffer from limited currency convertibility and a lack of investment opportunities.
The intractable difficulties in working out the trade effect from previous currency unions means that previous estimates are fatally flawed.
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Brady bonds can be used to diversify risk internationally while sparing the portfolio from concerns stemming from fluctuating currency exchange rates.
It has yet to recover from its currency crisis in 1997, when interest rates were raised sharply to defend the koruna.
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