The French Embassy in Tunisia said all French-run schools in the North African country would be closed on Friday and Saturday.
Then 22 years later, four French tourists were murdered in the north-African country of Mauritania, and following terrorist threats the 29th staging was duly canceled as competitors gathered in the Portuguese city of Lisbon for pre-race scrutineering.
While Portugal and Spain were the early beneficiaries of this Atlantic trade owing to their protruding peninsular position their pre-Enlightenment societies, traumatized by the proximity of (and occupation by) North African Muslims, lost ground eventually to the Dutch, French, and English in the oceanic competition.
In Paris, French President Francois Hollande said that African forces would now be in the forefront of securing the north.
French forces helped government troops recapture the main north cities and towns, and thousands of soldiers from African countries have also been deployed.
The Pentagon has been providing intelligence and logistical support to a French-led military intervention in Mali, where Islamist extremists took over large portions of the North African country.
The attacker was wearing a robe and appeared to be North African, said Laurent Lefebvre, a spokesman for Syndicat Alliance Police Nationale, a French police union.
The French-led operation in Mali has ousted the Islamist groups, including al-Qaeda's North African branch, from cities and town in the vast desert region they had captured a year ago in the wake of a coup.
Some 40-50 years after emigrants from its north African colonies stepped off the boat in Marseille, there is no hyphenated term for their French-born children or grandchildren.
When Roosevelt was planning to invade North Africa in 1942, key to his strategy was to minimize French resistance to the seizure of these African colonies before the Germans could grab them.
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