Urban historian Fred Siegel, a longtime Brooklyn resident, sees a classic tale of two cities.

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The power of organized public-sector workers, notes historian Fred Siegel, was a non-issue in the 1930s and 1940s.

FORBES: New Geographer

According to Fred Siegel, a New York historian, Mr Giuliani needed to be confrontational at first, because nobody believed he could restore law and order in New York.

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As historian Fred Siegel has noted, the Kennedy phenomena differed greatly--in both style and substance--from the "lunch pail" liberalism epitomized by President Harry Truman and, to an extent, that of both Lyndon Johnson and his vice president, Hubert Humphrey.

FORBES: Magazine Article