Of course, all of this carrying forward and backwards can make recordkeeping confusing.

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By looking backwards at the slides, and forward at the results and outcomes, they were able to identify 21 specific genes that correlate with the risk of recurrence, and whether a patient is likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

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It's been so many years, in fact, since Allen told us to "go backwards when forward fails" that the notions of forward and backward no longer seem relevant, and neither do any of the standard ways of thinking about art generationally.

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And we are going to keep moving forward with them -- not moving backwards but moving forward with them.

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"The victim's consequential actions of reeling backwards and then forwards and your actions in response to that movement forward has to be seen against that background, " he added.

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Another difference in the laws between youth and senior rugby is that packs are not allowed to push forward or be pushed backwards further than 1.5 metres in a scrum in schools games in an attempt to keep the risks involved to a minimum.

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But both men, like their counterparts elsewhere in the region, seem to realise that the only alternative to pressing forward with their reforms, however unpopular, is to see their countries slide backwards into economic stagnation, deeper poverty and still worse unrest.

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