It is easy to come across Afghans who claim that they were wrongly denied foreign visas or jobs after a biometric scan flagged up their presence on some watchlist.
In addition to providing a pathway to legalize 12 million illegal immigrants, Gutierrez proposes to manage future immigrant flow by establishing a commission that ties foreign visas to labor market demand.
While American companies also compete to obtain the foreign guest worker visas, most are not as dependent on the visas as Indian companies, industry representatives said.
"Lack of talent in the United States and the abundance of talent in countries such as India" is the reason for high demand for foreign tech worker visas, said Ameet Nisarkar, senior vice president of NASSCOM.
Congress now caps visas for foreign workers, a clunky system that does not match supply too precisely with demand.
The US educates foreign students whose work visas are then sometimes rejected, which semiconductor executives claim works against growing US prosperity.
She is expected to ask for more visas for foreign aid workers as the Syrian Arab Red Crescent struggles to distribute food.
Her successor played down Ms Hoey's revelations and insisted that the strict criteria governing visas for foreign footballers were always adhered to.
In principle, they all agree to give visas to foreign executives, to treat foreign investors no differently from domestic investors and to make their regulations transparent.
Silicon Valley executives, who have long pressed the government to provide more visas for foreign-born math and science brains, are joining forces with an array of immigration groups seeking comprehensive changes in the law.
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Paul Jacobs, the company's boss, complains about high corporate-tax rates and the difficulty of getting immigrant visas for foreign-born engineers and scientists, but maintains that America is not about to be superseded as a centre for innovation.
For example, it could include giving visas to foreign entrepreneurs on condition that they create jobs in America, which seems a no-brainer but has got nowhere because the country's mood has turned against immigration for entirely separate reasons.
But the legal costs and fees to sponsor skilled foreign nationals for temporary visas (thousands of dollars) and for permanent residence (typically tens of thousands of dollars) call into question any supposed cost advantage in hiring foreign nationals.
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Fifty foreign students are justifying their visas with 18 hours of dance a week.
The firm's attempt to renew visas for its foreign staff has shown how uncertain the answer is.
Tim Summers, the firm's chief operating officer, who is a former BP employee, said the firm would need visas for 150 foreign workers.
Gates testified before the House Committee on Science Technology on Wednesday about what he sees as a need to liberalize rules for H1-B visas for skilled foreign workers.
Gates also argues that the U.S. should raise the cap on so-called H-1B visas for skilled foreign nationals so that the U.S. can retain the high-tech workers it trains at its universities.
The Salvation Army, for example, which feeds around 6, 000 hungry Russians every month in the winter, has had to waste tens of thousands of dollars in legal fights over registration, and the Catholic church has had trouble getting visas for its foreign clergy.
Jane Heyn, the festival organiser and wife of the British ambassador to Burma, said she first had the idea for the event two years ago, but her plans lay dormant for more than a year, as until recently it would have been impossible for foreign writers to be granted visas to attend.
The program allocates an additional 20, 000 visas each year to foreign nationals with advanced degrees from U.S. universities.
The United States has nearly doubled the annual quota of temporary work visas it grants to foreign professionals--to 195, 000, from 115, 000.
The Department of Labor has proposed dramatically expanding the information requested when employers seek to hire skilled foreign nationals on H-1B visas.
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Demand for top tech talent also has prompted the industry to lobby the State Department to give out more H1-B visas to highly skilled foreign-born immigrants.
In years past, when Congress has added visas for high-skilled foreign workers, there have been bitter, public debates.
Instead, we should implement reforms like the Immigration Innovation Act, which would nearly double the number of H-1B visas for high-skilled foreign workers.
In January 2010, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services released a memo designed to limit the ability of employers to place foreign nationals on H-1B temporary visas at third party sites.
After Sept. 11, the number of H-1B visas, which allow highly qualified foreign workers to remain in the United States for up to six years, was reduced from 195, 000 to 65, 000 per year, because of security concerns.
On that day, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is scheduled to start accepting applications for the limited supply of H-1B visas, which allow businesses to employ foreign workers with special skills such as teachers, scientists and computer programmers for an initial period of up to three years.
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Foreign Minister Phil Goff, who has threatened to refuse visas for Zimbabwe's players when they make a reciprocal tour later in the year, said he understood Snedden's position.
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