Dr Milinski and Dr Wedekind also found an association between a woman's MHC genes and some of her preferences for perfume.
For the past several years, a group of Afghan and foreign businessmen has been trying to offer an alternative, by urging farmers to grow flowers for perfume instead of for drugs.
It was no great surprise when the son went to work for a perfume company at 16.
Will that passion translate into commercial success for the perfume?
With elaborate stagecraft, it is more interested in making the case for commercial perfume as high art, with the rights and privileges accorded therein, than in revealing the artistry of perfume design.
They might use a natural scent as the basis for a perfume, but then they typically add to this by using synthetic compounds produced in a laboratory. (Synthetics also make it possible to affordably mass-produce perfumes.) Both Mr. Ellena and Ms. Beaulieu scoff at amateurs who want to hear that perfumes are all natural.
Jewelry which has now evolved into architectural pieces that he describes as "a little laboratory for exploring shapes" still makes up 10 percent of what he sells, and his work has taken on miniature mainstream form: He designed the bottle for Dior's perfume J'adore and the case for Guerlain's Kisskiss lipstick.
It has tennis shoes, socks, deodorant and perfume for hot days when she needs to get out of the office and take a walk.
One is a 1933 prohibition on discounting, the other is a 1932 ban on promotional giveaways, such as offering two bottles of perfume for the price of one.
Worse still, according to the Iraq Survey Group, Saddam's planning envisioned placing toxic chemical and biological agents in aerosol cans and perfume sprayers for shipment to the United States and Europe.
Giant raindrops fall with loud taps on banana leaves, strange flowers with heady perfume bloom just for a day and waterfalls drape down distant hills like strands of tinsel.
Perusing the five-star reviews in Perfumes, it seems that a good perfume is surprising, individual, abstract, witty, maybe ironic, complex (for example, Thierry Mugler's Angel perfume works because of the juxtaposition of cotton candy and flowers with a masculine patchouli), long-lasting, transformative (it somehow makes the wearer feel different).
Off-screen, the Oscar-nominated beauty is cashing in with a series of racy ads for Chanel's Coco Mademoiselle perfume.
For many people under the age of 50, Elizabeth Taylor was something of a punch line, known more for her multiple marriages, her perfume line and her friendship with Michael Jackson.
Hollywood actor Brad Pitt is the current face of a campaign for the women's fragrance Chanel No 5, while actress Keira Knightley fronts an advert for the label's Coco Mademoiselle perfume.
Bic pen pioneer Marcel Bich, for example, blundered into panty hose and perfume.
It was able to adapt the microencapsulation techniques used to make, for example, scratch-and-sniff perfume advertisements and carbonless copy paper.
If two scents are closely related a designer perfume and a cheap impostor, for example their profiles will be similar, but not identical, and the pictures will be visibly different.
Now, it's looking to infiltrate the European -- and eventually the U.S. -- markets with its own named stores selling an unique, expensive brand of perfume, and other luxury goods, for the body and the home.
But my favorite excursion was to An Dinh Palace, a French-style royal residence on the Perfume River built by a Nyugen emperor for a crown prince, whose mother lived in the home until her death.
Parisi's common-law wife, Susanna Massimi, once broke out in hives when she touched its leaves. (She, for her part, is not allowed to wear perfume or put cream on her hands when entering the basement sanctorum.) Dark, resinous and furry like sage, the Pelo de Oro plant is prone to disease and easily infects other crops.
He bemoans the popularity of vaporizers, for example, which take away the experience of swiping perfume on your skin.
And that, of course, means that the best you can hope for this Christmas is that he has bought you a perfume that you absolutely hate.
Turin's passion led him to write the first-ever perfume guide, a kind of Zagat's for the nose.
Marcel Bich, for example, the Bic pen pioneer, blundered into panty hose and perfume.
It recently released a new air freshener with a motion sensor to tell it when to spray its perfume, which is a fifth more expensive than the humbler sort, for example.
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