Top holdings include America Movil (13.6%), Fomento Economico Mexicano (7.8%) and Wal-Mart de Mexico (6.9%).

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With older sister Esther, also a billionaire, inherited Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas from late father.

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But even if funds already approved by lenders such as the Inter-American Development Bank and the Corporacion Andina de Fomento can meet some of the bill, they will not turn up at once.

ECONOMIST: Ecuador