In 2007 the Estonian defenders realized that many of their websites were based on Content Management Systems that built every web page on the fly from a database.

FORBES: DDoS Defense: Preventing business disruption

Saddam has now had several years to perfect his already considerable talent of concealment, and now the international community is breathlessly fly-specking a 12, 000 page denial from Saddam, and arguing over who should have had access to the Xerox machine to make copies.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center For Security Policy

It designed optical scanning software that can tell when a book page is creased and correct it on the fly.

FORBES