These types of solutions require real-time QOS decisions, perhaps based on distributed charging models, requiring an online dialogue when the system detects a problem or opportunity to offer better QOS. Service data flow detection could also help determine the value of a particular service at a particular instant.

FORBES: Quality is Everything

To be able to offer frequency regulation service to the grid, cars need a bidirectional power system, so energy can flow both from the grid and to the grid, and software to allow the car to communicate with the grid.

FORBES: The Cash-Back Car: Monetizing Electric Vehicles