What goes for an airport or a bay can be scaled up to an ocean, or the air above it, and down to the flow off an aircraft's wingtip, or a ship's hull.

ECONOMIST: Lagrangian coherent structures

This is already stalling the flow of imported new aircraft.

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The company has worked with Boeing to develop a system that uses multiple workstations to simulate the flow of air over an aircraft's wing.

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The ice adds weight to an aircraft, and rough accumulations known as rime interrupt the flow of air over wings.

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