Consumers had to work through them and with them, which limited choice and fixed pricing.
Fixed pricing is the surest recipe to encourage the agency to settle for mediocrity, because payment is not conditioned on results.
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The normal practice in weapons purchases is to transition to fixed pricing only after technologies and designs are sufficiently mature so that cost estimators can anticipate possible deviations from the plan.
Yet the majority of survey respondents (about 60%) said that the outcome-based model with its fixed fee pricing is more effective.
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In pricing fixed income or derivatives, different models and different assumptions can lead to different valuations.
Ironically, the turning-point came earlier this year, when it was suggested that, as the supply of Treasury bonds dwindles thanks to the federal government's surplus, mortgage-agency debt could replace them as the benchmark used for pricing other fixed-income securities.
Usage-based pricing with no fixed contracts or contracts with renewable terms as short as 30 days.
Pricing will be fixed on Oct. 1, China's National Day, and trading in the stock kicks off on Oct. 5.
Customers in those states can choose from companies that provide such options as renewable power or a slate of pricing options, including fixed rates, rates that vary with market fluctuations, or rates that vary based on when during the day power is used.
The losers promptly launched a legal protest that was partially successful, but on the crucial issue of price realism government lawyers ruled that the Army was under no obligation to investigate how realistic Oshkosh pricing was since with a fixed-price contract the company would be obligated to absorb any overruns.
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The fact that their benchmark rates are well below their minimum payout has been viewed as a negative and thus, the market is pricing them to provide yields comparable to fixed rate issues.
This has the effect of providing more liquidity to the markets and correcting pricing imperfections faster than they used to get fixed.
This is made worse by an odd pricing system, under which firms charge a fixed amount, instead of billing their customers by the hour.
Road pricing, adjusted for place and time, can, by contrast, be fixed precisely to reduce congestion.
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