And contrary to the old dogma that the brain is genetically fixed in form and function, he says, the new understanding of "neuroplasticity" means the brain has the ability to change in significant ways throughout life, not only as a result of experiences but also by our own mental activity.
In other words, when investment banks had ample capital prior to the financial crisis in 2008, part of their role was to function as a facilitator of fixed income and equity markets, buying securities with their own capital as prices fell and selling securities with their own capital as prices rose.