After a decade of using ITQs in the halibut fishery, the average fishing season now lasts for eight months.

ECONOMIST: Fishing and conservation

That would take policies far more radical than these, as one study suggested that over 118 years of industrial fishing, the productivity of one fishery in the UK dropped by 94%.

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There is an expanding oil and gas industry, but this does not generate jobs and spread cash around as the cod fishery once did, before over-fishing destroyed it.

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It did, however, introduce other measures intended to improve the fishery's management by reducing illegal fishing, improving the collection of data and introducing a new framework for the presentation of scientific advice.

ECONOMIST: Tuna fishing

Those locations also tended to have fewer traditional village rules to limit fishing and national governments that are too weak to effectively enforce fishery regulations.

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And because there is no way to tell a Klamath-spawned salmon from one from any other river once the fish reach the ocean, the fishery council says it has no choice but to restrict all salmon fishing along 700 miles of coast.

ECONOMIST: Saving the fish of the Klamath river

At the World Conservation Congress in Barcelona last week both Spain (an important tuna-fishing nation) and Japan (an important tuna-buying nation) supported the closure of the Mediterranean bluefin tuna fishery until stocks rise.

ECONOMIST: High time to save the Mediterranean bluefin