It was a critical error from Hamilton, who was fuelled to make his first pit stop a lap earlier than Raikkonen.
Barrichello, who started from pole, managed to avoid the chaos on lap one and was leading until his first pit stop on lap 21.
Hamilton's main rival throughout the race was Raikkonen, but the McLaren built a four-second lead before they both made their first pit stops on lap 15.
Consequently, Button emerged in the lead after the first pit stops and was able rapidly to extend his advantage while Vettel was held up behind Trulli.
That ensured Button was able to emerge in the lead after the first pit stop period and thereby extend his advantage sufficiently to win the race.
The Australian dropped to eighth after his first pit stop on lap 19, but he was back in the lead by just after half race distance.
This time, he drove the race he should have driven in Fuji, making a perfect start and leading comfortably throughout the race apart from during the first pit-stop period.
"We changed the strategy, thinking that we should be able to maintain the lead even at the second stop, so we short-fuelled in the first pit stop and started the second stint ahead of Kimi, " he said.
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One person who first dug a pit was thought to be a bit proud.
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As expected, Alonso was the first driver to pit but his strategy was not as outlandish as some had suspected it could be - Massa came in only three laps later.
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When it resumed, Hamilton lost first place after a slow pit-stop with Alonso eventually appearing at the head of the field.
Caterpillar's dump trucks hauled the first coal out of the pit.
Isaac Azimov, who was burning all his story ideas and first drafts in the barbecue pit in his garden, was encouraged instead to hand them over.
They ensure that each home has access to a bed net to protect the family from malaria, a pit toilet, first-aid training and other basic health and safety practices.
But the fruit is so sweet you think of that first, which helps you overcome pit-o-phobia.
Seemingly cruising to fourth or fifth place and the guaranteed Formula One World Championship title, McLaren's Lewis Hamilton was first passed and then forced to pit for wet tires.
Nick Sim, 31, was one of the first members of the public to try Hobs Pit ahead of its official opening on 2 June.
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She then started first aid on him before going back into the pit.
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Louise Davis, who lives in northern California, is almost tearful when she describes hearing people using the language of her Pit River tribe in conversation for the first time.
But after chasing the German closely through the first part of the race his hopes were ended when he came out from his pit stop behind Renault's Robert Kubica.
Renault's Vitaly Petrov, the first Russian to drive in F1, made an encouraging start but did not return after his pit stop on the 13th lap due to a suspected suspension problem.
Sebastian Vettel who was chasing Hamilton for the first half of the race eventually finished fourth after incurring a drive-through penalty for speeding in the pit lane.
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