First, under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, federal law trumped state law.
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The federal lawsuit alleges that the U.S. government's takeover and financial bailout of AIG was in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
Soon after the Colorado Legislature passed the statute, "sidewalk counselors" -- anti-abortion activists -- sued, challenging the constitutionality of the "knowingly obstruct" clause under the First Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendments.
It would be an unconstitutional "entanglement" problem (violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment) if a secular court had to get into the business of deciding what Jewish law or Catholic canon was and what it said about a given dispute.
Certainly, one strains to imagine how anything touching on gun ownership, the Second Amendment, etc. could find its way into a health care reform bill just as it confounds the imagination to contemplate who might have been responsible for adding such a clause in the first place.
Not surprisingly, this argument concludes by warning against the slippery slope: if you outlaw sharia because it includes some dirty water around the globe, you will have effectively outlawed all such religious and private adjudicative bodies unless you are going to discriminate against the law of Muslims, which would violate the First Amendment and the Equal Protection clause of the Constitution.
If courts adopted this reasoning, what would stop them from limiting the First Amendment's speech and press clause to the use of 18th-century communication technology?
Distributor Authentic Beverages, craft brewer Jester King, and brewpub Zax challenged these and other rules as violations of the First Amendment, the Fourteenth Amendment, and the Commerce Clause.
Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness said the severity of the sunset clause was designed to prevent a lack of agreement on the creation of a justice ministry, and that there was no fallback mechanism contained either in other Northern Ireland legislation, or through Westminster.
European governments have invoked the collective defence clause of Nato's founding treaty for the first time.
In Massachusetts, the National Association of Government Employees Local 282 has been one the first unions in the country to include an anti-bullying clause in collective bargaining agreements.
Last month, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit was the first appellate court to reach a decision on whether the Commerce Clause authorizes Congress to force private citizens to purchase healthcare insurance under penalty of federal law.
Nato ambassadors invoked a mutual defence clause in the organisation's founding treaty for the first time in its history.
Some other CBA consequences: Starting in the third round, players are required to get a clause which increases their pay based on performance, which first and second rounders are ineligible for.
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Roe v Wade's guarantee of first-trimester abortions remains in effect, and the constitution's supremacy clause ensures that when state and federal laws are in conflict, federal law wins.
One of his first moves in office was to persuade his European Union peers to remove a clause from the now-frozen Lisbon treaty stating that competition was a key EU objective.
Under the reserve clause system, a player was bound permanently to the team who signed him first.
That exception is triggered in a claim of a violation of the Establishment Clause and when there is a specific legislative grant for spending that implicates the First Amendment.
We finished with the first two vintages of Burt's new wine (crafted after the expiration of his noncompete clause), the 2008 and 2009 Morning Dew Ranch Pinot, from a vineyard he planted in the Anderson Valley in Mendocino County, a very promising region for Pinot that, when he first bought in a decade ago, was almost as obscure as the Russian River Valley had been.
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