The fibroblasts are grown in a test tube and then implanted into tissue near the stomach.

BBC: Genetics work eases haemophilia

When the light hits the cytochromes inside the fibroblasts' mitochondria, it stimulates the cell's energy transport system.

FORBES: Magazine Article

The researchers will take cells called fibroblasts from the patients' skin and genetically engineer them to produce NGF.

BBC: 'Brain cell transplant' for Alzheimer's

And they used viruses, as it happens, to insert genes into these fibroblasts.

NPR: Scientists Create Embryonic Stem Cells from Skin

The connective cells, known as fibroblasts, are then isolated and an electrical current is used to force-feed them with the snippets of DNA that make factor VIII.

BBC: Genetics work eases haemophilia

Scientists are very excited by the announcement of these findings, that cells that look and act like stem cells can be created from skin cells (known in science as fibroblasts).

BBC: NEWS | Health | 'This is a very exciting advance'