Under the plans, six new stills and 10 new fermentation vessels, known as washbacks, will be housed in existing buildings.

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Before joining Linear, he taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he used a surplus flight computer from an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile to research the control of fermentation for use in fields such as pharmaceutical production.

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Sparkling wine made in the methode traditionelle style is made exactly the same way as Champagne, with secondary fermentation occurring in the bottle.

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BP, a British energy firm, has worked out how to industrialise the process of making biobutanol, as the chemical is commonly known when it is the product of fermentation.

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Companies are using proprietary technology that takes inputs as diverse as algae, willow trees and sugar cane to produce oils and biomaterials in standard fermentation facilities quickly, cleanly, inexpensively and on a large scale.

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The biggest losers will be inefficient local producers, such as one in Samara, in southern Russia, where the decrepit town brewery, featuring fermentation tanks with flaking linings, nasty smells and beer brewed to purists' horror from sugar and rice, has fought off all outside interest.

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Once the fermentation process that creates the methane is finished, the remaining solid matter, or "digestate" is used as an organic fertilizer for crops that will later be used as feedstock for the animals.

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