His father pushed architecture as the practical application of an artistic temperament, but Redon was unenthusiastic and failed his Paris entrance examinations.

WSJ: Gary Geipel: The Late Blooming of Odilon Redon

Mr Madoff's investment business was overseen by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), but it failed to carry out any examinations despite receiving complaints from investors and rivals since as long ago as the late 1990s.

ECONOMIST: The Madoff affair