Taxol had been invented at taxpayer expense, and Hauser controlled the leading extraction technology.

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Russia allowed foreign companies into its energy sector to help it with extraction technology in the post-Soviet era.

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Their businesses are not dependent on entrenched profit models that center on value extraction from existing technology.

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Because the technology of metals extraction is most certainly not static.

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These new sources can be within the current fields (think fracking in oil), as yet undiscovered fields (the Arctic), or previously known fields where technology now enables access (deep-sea extraction).

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Oilfield services firms such as Halliburton, Baker Hughes and Schlumberger have played a large role in making shale extraction economically feasible in the U.S., and adoption of their technology in foreign markets such as China can result in a significant upside potential for the revenues of these firms.

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One of the better keynotes was given by Amr Awadallah, chief technology officer at Cloudera, who first cut his teeth on Big-Data meaning extraction at Yahoo.

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He has batted away all criticisms of the Albertan tar sands, where oil extraction is an especially dirty business, and placed his faith in carbon capture and storage, an unproven and expensive technology.

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