All sources of energy and electricity require water in their production processes: the extraction of raw materials, cooling in thermal processes, in cleaning processes, cultivation of crops for biofuels, and powering turbines to generate hydroelectricity.

UNESCO: CULTURE

Unlike the normal gas extraction, chemically treated water is forced upon the rock underground to fracture it releasing the gas in the process.

FORBES: Chesapeake Stock Drilling Its Way To $35

He said based on projections allowing for increased settlement, water extraction and rising sea levels, the barrier was built to withstand a one-in-1, 000-year North Sea surge occurring by 2030.

BBC: Thames Barrier engineer says second defence needed