In came an outsider, Louis Gerstner, who saw the big trend toward greater user of external services by information technology departments.
Firms, large and small, can call upon all the external services needed to put together a complex financial deal, such as advice from lawyers and accountants, or the use of specialist markets.
Corporate governance and IT security leaders will need to consider the commercial benefits of a hybrid IT stack that is comprised of both internal and external services, versus any perceived or real risk.
The overriding lesson is clear: in this age of increasing web application complexity, know the external services upon which your site depends and have plans in place to mute the inevitable ripple effects that will occur.
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Interior Minister Manuel Valls said France's internal and external security services are "particularly vigilant" amid a "very strong and permanent, " terrorist threat in France.
Smart IT leaders cope with this shortage of generalists by moving to hybrid IT departments that manage cloud computing as well as more traditional IT functions, and that essentially run as virtual internal service providers, drawing on a menu of external managed services as demand requires.
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The biggest category of external advertising was financial services, which represented 18% of the total on news sites.
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It said savings would come through renegotiating contracts and supplies such as payroll services and external audit fees and no jobs would be lost.
May require purchase of additional software, external hardware, or services.
Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (Hitachi GST) develops advanced hard disk drives, enterprise-class solid state drives, and innovative external storage solutions and services used to store, preserve and manage the world's most valued data.
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The Center for Advanced Computing provides high-performance computing systems, database, storage, programming, porting, tuning, and training services to Cornell researchers and external clients, including corporations, small businesses and IT industry leaders.
Utility Con Edison noted over 3, 600 customers were without electrical power, and announced they secured over 700 external contractors in order to try to keep its services running.
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However, due to Anglesey receiving a "highly critical critical report from Estyn on its education services" the council will still receive external support to ensure the problems are dealt with.
One of the curiosities of so-called connected TVs, which directly plug into the Internet to access web applications and services, is that they rely on external camera attachments to support video calls.
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"Despite the slowdown, the services sector has shown more resilience to worsening external conditions than agriculture and industry, " the ministry's report says.
"The next two years should see some improvement, with a normal monsoon likely to lift agriculture, and exports, industry and services expected to expand on stronger domestic and external demand, " it said.
"When I started this company, I talked about faulty external hard drives and the outrageous fees for limited file synchronization services, " said Tony Gauda, Bitcasa CEO.
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Splunk also provides the infrastructure to store this data over time, correlate this data with other data sources from within the enterprise or from external sources, make the data available to other applications or services across the enterprise, and export the data for other purposes as needed.
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Services currently provided at Squirrel Lodge will be provided by local external providers as well as Applewood, which will provide overnight short breaks.
In several public statements, with one as recent as Monday, Sony has said the persistent downtime was due to an "external intrusion, " but has not provided a target date for when services will return.
But if goods, services, capital, and businessmen begin to circulate freely around the region, the line between internal and external affairs will blur.
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