More and more working class and lower middle class people will see no point in saving through the government's voluntary pension schemes: savings cannot be extended down the income scale by clever tax vehicles, but only by reform of the welfare state to make saving worthwhile.
Local tyranny run by permanent majority factions continued unabated and soon was joined by a new kind of large-scale faction that thrived in the extended realm, as the expansive republic grew larger, more diverse and centralized.
This includes being able to secure territory and populations and facilitate a transition to stable governance on a small scale for a limited period using standing forces and, if necessary, for an extended period with mobilized forces.