When the pre-frontal cortex is fired up, the explicit system is usually turned on.

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The first, the explicit system, is rule-based, can be expressed verbally, and is tied to conscious awareness.

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When the explicit system is involved, the neurons that are talking to one another are usually found in close proximity to one another.

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Now MPs are trying to formalise their gains and set out an explicit system for approving them - both to probe their attitudes and priorities and to decide whether they are being offered a stooge, a place-person or a genuinely independent-minded figure, capable, if necessary, of saying "no" to ministers.

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Although this approach has been demonised in America it merely makes explicit the rationing in any medical system through the decisions of insurers and funders.

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Remember that the Supreme Court also struck down the most explicit version of affirmative action, Michigan's point-scoring system.

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