The development of high-speed trains across Europe encourages direct travel from one city centre to another, reinforcing the appeal of living and working near the centre.
This time, the US will be impacted by a slow-down in Europe, but the direct exposure is much more limited.
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Returning expatriates were allowed to carry gold into India, and, from October 1997, some Indian banks and agents began importing gold direct from Europe.
Under the original Bretton Woods system, Mr McKinnon points out, America borrowed on a short-term basis from Europe, but lent long, making enormous direct investments in the rebuilding of Europe's war-blasted capital stock.
The direct costs for Europe's banks of either form of collapse might be bearable.
As with many Apple products prices in Europe are usually higher than direct comparisons suggest.
Europe has promised to reduce direct subsidies to food production, instead paying farmers for things like land management.
While further direct services to Europe will be established, there will "not be explosive growth" in the sector, he says.
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EU. It is still a magnet for foreign direct investment in Europe.
Meanwhile, French airline Aigle Azur plans this January to offer the first direct flights from Europe to Baghdad since the 1990 Gulf War.
When Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1498, he opened direct access for Europe to India and the Arabian Gulf.
While small banks in Middle America have little, if any, direct exposure to Europe, no one is itching for a repeat of the 2008 crisis emanating from across the Atlantic.
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Mr De Hoop Scheffer added that he had been concerned by Russia's threat to re-direct its missiles at Europe.
So in January he paid an undisclosed sum to acquire his U.K. distributor, with the idea of selling direct to retailers in Europe by year-end.
Much of the progress made by Europe since the Middle Ages is the direct result of cultural exchange.
Another, less direct reason: Banks in Europe are still wary of lending, or at least that's the impression consumers are getting.
The Crowns are buying it as a beachhead from which to launch their three-year plan to build Europe's first truly regional computer direct marketer.
The speech also included what might be described as a direct appeal to the voters of Europe.
In addition, Europe accounts for approximately 70 percent of foreign direct investment in the U.S., and U.S. investment is three times larger in Europe than in Asia.
But Putin says the shield would start a new arms race and has threatened to direct Russian missiles at sites in Europe, should the United States proceed with the system.
Its ultimate aim is independence, which it believes, will mean "direct representation and equality of status in Europe", with Scotland becoming a full member state.
Japan further recycled its trade surplus through direct and indirect investments to US and Europe (Japanese companies took over and revitalized ailing US and European manufacturing companies, transferring technology and management know-how to these companies).
Together, these artefacts maps, books, letters, medals, coins, armour as well as sculpture and pictures provide vritually direct access to the 16th century when Europe was in the grip of the ideological and religious struggle of the Counter-Reformation.
Under the authority of the Assistant Director-General for External Relations and Public Information and the Director of the Division of Relations with Member States and National Commissions, and under the direct supervision of the Chief of the Europe and North America Section, the assistant liaison officer shall contribute to ensuring and strengthening liaison with the Europe and North America region Member States.
Europe and Japan are more exposed to America through foreign direct investment than through trade.
He was not in Europe, he insisted, to tell others how to direct their fight against ther terrorists.
Even as U.S. investors grow more bullish, pushing the major benchmarks toward record highs, "we still have this 1, 200-pound gorilla sitting in the corner of the room, and that's Europe, " said Michael Shea, managing partner at Direct Access Partners.
When combined with funding the general cash deficits, these multitrillion-dollar Treasury operations will dominate the capital markets in the years ahead, particularly given China's de-emphasis of new investment in U.S. Treasurys in favor of increasing foreign direct investment, and Japan's and Europe's own sovereign-debt challenges.
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When it comes to foreign direct investment (FDI) and the Chinese, Europe is seen as more friendly.
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And on a continent burdened with rutted roads and dilapidated railways, airlines are starting to offer direct flights between African cities, instead of through Europe.
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