The requirement for all Federal and State Civil officers to give their solemn and binding Oath is established in Article VI, Section 1, Clause 4.

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John Marshall, our nation's fourth Chief Justice, led the Supreme Court in deciding several key cases that established the sanctity of contract law and breathed life into the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution.

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But the establishment clause in the constitution was intended to prevent the creation of an established church, on the model of the Church of England, not to prevent religious believers from expressing their beliefs in the public realm.

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