The earliest known mathematics appear to be attempts to quantify time and make calendars, with other early efforts directed towards accounting, astronomy, and engineering.

FORBES: Does Math Really Exist?

Its more than 400, 000 scrolls were the first systematic and serious collection of documentation on physics, literature, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, biology and engineering.

FORBES: Wonderful Wealth

Both Heads of State highlighted the effective collaboration in the fields of astronomy and astro-engineering which will allow the operation of the LSST and ALMA telescopes in the northern Chile, involving an investment of 1.5 billion dollars, with a close collaboration between public and private academic and research institutions in both countries.

WHITEHOUSE: President Obama on the United States and Latin America

Clarke, visionaries like Carl Sagan and movies like "2001: A Space Odyssey, " he studied aerospace and industrial engineering at Ryerson University, then physics and astronomy at the University of Toronto, before moving to Cornell to study space science, where he became special assistant to Sagan.

CNN: Biography: Robert Richards