In recent years, they have found ways to encode trademarks in cells and poetry in bacteria, as well as store snippets of music in the genetic code of micro-organisms.
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They use knowledge and patterns that they already know to encode information in their long-term memory.
And he saw an opportunity to take his vision and, really, encode it in this city that was able to represent all of our postwar fantasies and aspirations and hopes and, also, gave us a way to somehow ground our fears because we can't forget that Disneyland was built right smack in the middle of the height of the Cold War.
Research groups in the U.S., Europe and Canada devised ways to use DNA to encode trademarks and secret messages in cells.
Another way in which ENCODE could have an impact on medicine is simply by showing doctors what cells of a specific type look like on a molecular level.
Galileo felt himself already under enough religious pressure to continue to encode all talk of his discoveries in his correspondence with Kepler.
Although the neural pathways that encode habitual behavior appear to be located in deep brain structures known as the basal ganglia, it has been shown that the IL cortex is also necessary for such behaviors to develop.
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Optical correlators, meanwhile, work by encoding images on to a beam of light and, using a special lens, transforming them into their Fourier components building-blocks that encode the thickness and direction of lines in the image, but not their position.
The zipper suddenly finds that the tricks that it has picked up to encode the first language are not much help in encoding the second.
The rotation of the image is significant because, according to Dr. Franke-Arnold it can be used to encode information, giving the technique a possible application in computing.
Meyers, a respected biologist at the University of Minnesota-Morris, noted over the weekend on his popular Pharyngula blog, the Encode research consortium that claimed to have identified function in 80% of the genome, actually discovered that a formula of 80% hype gets you the attention of the world press a point he pointedly made in his analysis last fall.
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But for accidental events, when one wouldn't normally mention the agent in Spanish or Japanese, they didn't encode or remember the agent as well.
In a desire to create a neat narrative, the Encode team appeared to have bewitched themselves.
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The absurd alternative, which unfortunately was adopted by ENCODE, is to assume that no deleterious mutations can ever occur in the regions they have deemed to be functional.
But another of the Encode team, Dr Ian Dunham said the data could ultimately be of help in every area of disease research.
What they had actually done was describe the way in which two long chemical chains wound up around each other to encode the information cells need to build and maintain our bodies.
They need the ability to encode the message header---the recipient's address---in a new and detectable way.
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And, since Dr Heidelberg and his colleagues reckon that almost a quarter of El Tor's genes may encode completely novel proteins, there may well be new and better targets available to exploit in future vaccines.
Even ENCODE has not been able to catalogue all of this diversity, but it has made headway in clarifying what to look for.
Although early camera designs that sought to find and encode eyes from distances of greater than one metre had difficulties making matches, the technology has improved in the past five years.
The team tested the bacteria that they found in samples from ten bears for the presence of blaTEM genes, which are known to encode resistance to a commonly used class of antibiotics that includes penicillins and cephalosporins.
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In mid-September it sealed a broad, though nonexclusive, agreement with Universal Music Group to encode the label's active U.S. catalog of 14, 000 albums and 30, 000 music videos.
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