For years, journalism education in the U.S. aspired towards the empirical certainties of social science, and it did so because the expansion of university education demanded that nontraditional subjects genuflect to the power of scientific enquiry.
Warren has been principal investigator on empirical studies funded by the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and more than a dozen other foundations.
At the same time, we can also see how creation science or intelligent-design theories attempt to make God another secondary cause, another explanation for empirical events, without attending to the deeper level of causation that God provides.