High on her list of priorities now, says Josiah, is the introduction of comprehensive protection for helpers, along the lines of guidelines for employers used in Singapore, and incorporating elements of a standard contract drawn up by the Philippines Department of Labor and Employment.

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Those are the facts necessary to satisfy the elements of a claim for, say, breach of contract: promise, consideration, failure to perform, causation and damages, or the requirements of an affirmative defense: impossibility of performance, for instance.

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