It will be like the flow of electrons in a Pentium processor, says Pfost.
The ions, having lost their stabilizing electron, go off looking for electrons to steal from other molecules.
The Apollo space program relied on hydrogen fuel cells, which work by stripping electrons from hydrogen atoms.
The transportation-energy landscape of two decades hence will require all of the above, and electrons, too.
The resulting cascade of electrons and holes is easy to detect, showing that light has struck.
Then the circuits get packed too close, and you get a case of electrons behaving badly.
Electrons can flow through graphene with remarkable ease, making graphene an ideal material for transistors.
Silicon speaks the language of electrons, but fiber-optic cable uses the language of photons.
Strip the electrons off a stream of xenon gas atoms so that they become charged (ions).
Today's microprocessors and memory chips depend on keeping electrons in tiny boxes--microscopic Leyden jars.
Until recently, it was also cheap to deliver electrons from power plants to customers.
The hydrogen electrons, blocked by the membrane, go around the long way, through an electric motor.
Your phone and PC still churn out electrons, which must be whipped along copper cables.
Because those electrons leave, other electrons fill in the gaps, causing the emission of X-rays.
As electrons passed through the waist, the signal from the atoms was indeed detected.
One proposal, for instance, involves using large, awkward magnetic fields to cool the electrons down.
"Electrons will still be doing the computing but photons will be doing the communicating, " he said.
Simply getting the hot electrons over the barrier is not the end of the story.
The process of capture knocks electrons free inside the material and creates a current.
That is, they are going to profit by selling as few electrons as they can.
Butane goes in, and the solid oxide mechanisms inside Nectar convert it into electrons.
SPP-borne data to electrons, for processing by more conventional components, and back into photons.
The electrons are passed via a semiconductor to an electrode, through which they leave the cell.
In each layer, electrons exist at a different level of energy, determined by the layer's thickness.
Critically, the helium atoms are seen to work in pairs - just as in superconductivity, electrons work in tandem.
Similarly, objects traditionally thought of as particles, such as electrons, are also, simultaneously, waves.
Lead dioxide, on the other hand, is highly electronegative, preferring to absorb electrons in chemical reactions.
Electrons, being waves as well as particles, produce a diffraction pattern when transmitted through a crystal.
Nevertheless, the idea that protons as well as electrons can quantum tunnel is a striking one.
Normally, it is impossible to distinguish Cherenkov radiation generated by positrons from that created by electrons.
ECONOMIST: The search for dark matter: Ethereal yet weighty | The
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